Hi Mélanie, and welcome!
I think it would be a pretty major code change to integrate the categories and tags via a single database table, because of all the JOINs that Q2A performs based on its expectation of its tables having a certain form.
However you could certainly have your own code modify Q2A's tables, to add tags and categories and the like. Categories are defined in the qa_categories table. Tags don't have their own table, but are set on a per-post basis and then indexed. So you could programatically add a bunch of posts with the tags you wanted, then click the "Reindex..." button in the "Stats" section of the "Admin" panel to index them.